Gases, quantum mechanics, and properties.
Stokes-Einstein equation for diffusion of spherical particles.
Graham's Law: Rate is inversely proportional to square root of molar mass.
Calculate half-life for first-order reactions.
Calculate fraction of coverage theta = KP / (1 + KP).
Calculate osmotic pressure: π = iMRT.
Dalton's Law: Pi = Xi * Ptotal.
Calculate remaining amount: N = N0 * e^(-kt).
Calculate absorption rate (simplified proportional model).
Calculate pressure difference across a curved interface (bubble/droplet).